KAWAINUI MARSH
UA KUALAU
"falling on the ocean, bringing fish to the shore"
KAWAINUI MARSH
Our Roots
Kawainui was a large inland fishpond in Kailua, Oʻahu. This pond was home to the goddess Hauwahine and the Maka-Lei tree. The tree was said to have the power of attracting fish, especially fine mullet, awa, and ʻoʻopu kuʻia.
This map highlights the two former classes of now public lands: the Crown lands and Government lands. The Crown lands (yellow areas) were reserved by Kamehameha III for his own private use in the 1848 mahele. The Government lands (green areas) generated revenue used for government maintenance. These lands have Land Commission Awards and grants, meaning claims to a right to the land. Kawainui Marsh was neither a Crown land nor Government land.
OʻAHU 1902
This map shows different public lands, sisal plantations, homestead settlement tracts, grazing lands, pineapple lands, federal reservations, sugar plantations, forest reserves, wet lands, schools, and post offices. It shows Kawainui adjacent to wet lands where rice and taro were cultivated.
OʻAHU 2007
This modern map indicated Kawainui Marsh as a nature reserve surrounded by common landmarks like schools, medical centers, homes, etc. This marsh is part of Kailua residents' everyday life, passing by it on their way to work or school.
KAWAINUI MARSH 1936
KAWAINUI MARSH 1969
This map describes Kawainui Marsh's soil character as marshy soil, non-rocky, and surface poorly-drained with 15+ feet depth to consolidated material and underlying material of high water table.
KAWAINUI MARSH 1998
ANNUAL ISOHYET 2011
An isohyet is a line on a map that connects points that have the same amount of rainfall at a certain period of time. This map shows that Kawainui Marsh had an average of 50 inches of rain during 2011.
AVERAGE RAINFALL 2011
This color map matches the isohyet map above depicting that Kawainui Marsh received an average between 33.1 - 66.0 inches of rainfall during 2011.
RAINFALL THROUGHOUT 1920 AND 2012
According to studies, the highest average rainfall in Oʻahu occurred in 1927 with 99.68 inches, while the lowest average rainfall occurred in 1953 with 36.28 inches.
Keith Afong
"This is the place to be, where nature is in harmony"
http://reservesvod.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/video/?filename=Hauwahines_dream
CONTACT KAWAINUI MARSH
WORKS CITED
Agag, Chantelle. Photograph of Kawainui Marsh. Ua Kualau, 18 Nov. 2017, https://chantelle808.wixsite.com/kawainuimarsh107a.
Agag, Chantelle. Photograph of Kawainui Marsh with a different view. Ua Kualau, 18 Nov. 2017, https://chantelle808.wixsite.com/kawainuimarsh107a.
Awai, E. L., Fujimura, F. N., Kuwahara, I., and Murabayashi, E. T. Mokapu Quadrangle. Map. 1: 24,000, Topo (LSB). Land Study Bureau, University of Hawaii, 1936.
Bier, James Allen. Map of Oʻahu, the gathering place: full color topographic / cartography by James A. Bier. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2007.
Covington, Richard, and Lyons, C. J. Oahu. Map. 1:90,000, color lithographed map. 1881.
Donn, John M., and Wall, Walter E. Oahu. Map. 1:90,000, color lithographed map. 1902.
Frazier, A. G., Giambelluca, T. W., Diaz, H. F. and Needham, H. L. (2016), Comparison of geostatistical approaches to spatially interpolate month-year rainfall for the Hawaiian Islands. Int. J. Climatol., 36(3), 1459-1470. doi: 10.1002/joc.4437
Geological Survey (U.S.) Mokapu Quadrangle. Map. 1: 24,000, Topo (USGS). U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
Giambelluca, T.W., Q. Chen, A.G. Frazier, J.P. Price, Y.-L. Chen, P.-S. Chu, J.K. Eischeid, and D.M. Delparte, 2013: Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai‘i. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 94, 313-316, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00228.1.
McLaughlin, Sean. “Hauwahine’s Dream Story.” Hauwahines dream, produced and written by Linda Lembeck, Kawai Nui Heritage Foundation, 1985, http://reservesvod.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/video/?filename=Hauwahines_dream.
Nishimura, Cora. A carto-bibliography of pre-1900 maps in the Map Collection of Hamilton Library, University of Hawaiʻi. 1996.
Sterling, Elspeth P., Summers, Catherine C., and Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. Sites of O'ahu. Dept. of Anthropology, Dept. of Education, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 1978.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Geological Survey (U.S.), and United States. Army. Air Corps. Mokapu Quadrangle. Map. 1:20:000, Topo (COE). War Department, 1936.
Winne, Jane Lathrop, and Mary Kawena Pukui. 'Olelo No'eau a Ka Hawaii: Folk Sayings from the Hawaiian. The Author, 1961.